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Thursday, February 14, 2013

Discuss the Buddhist concept of Nirvana.


I really struggled to get a flow going on this one.  It still needs work, but time is not on my side. :-)

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Nirvana.  What do you think of when you hear the word?  Besides being the name of an extremely popular band, Nirvana is a concept in both the Buddhist religion and Hinduism.   The overall concept agrees that Nirvana and enlightenment are so closely linked that many incorrectly use the word interchangeably.   
According to  http://www.thefreedictionary.com/nirvana , Hinduism defines Nirvana as  “Emancipation from ignorance and the extinction of all attachment”.  Buddhism defines it as “The ineffable ultimate in which one has attained disinterested wisdom and compassion”.  Of course, that is a very simplified definition but it serves as a start.  Buddhism was born from Hinduism so it is not surprising that they share similar beliefs and values.

In Buddhism, there seems to be some disagreement as to what Nirvana really is or how it can be reached.  The schools of thought differ mainly on when Nirvana can be reached.    According to the Theravada Buddhism Nirvana is an letting go of the defilement's of the mind.  It is when you are released from the effects of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth.  Mahayana Buddhism believes that Nirvana extinguishes the duality and merging with Nirvana into an “absolute existence”.

Whichever school of thought, its followers believe the path to enlightenment comes through living the Eight Aspects of Enlightenment.  They are also known as the guide to Buddhist practice.  The Aspects or Awareness’s come from the Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra, which records the final teachings of The Buddha before his death.   It is said that to fully realize the Awareness’s is to reach Nirvana.   The eight Awareness’s build on each other and they support each other.

Although they aren't numbered in reality, you have to start somewhere with a list so we will start with “Freedom from Desire”.   It comes from one of the four Nobel truths.  The cause of suffering is thirst or craving.  It is believed that this comes from a thirst that grows from ignorance of one’s self.  We feel small in comparison to the universe so we go through life trying to grab something that will make us feel secure.  Realizing “freedom from desire” leads to and supports “satisfaction”.

“Satisfaction” comes directly from the release of desires.  We are dissatisfied because we want things that we think we need or want.  Releasing the desires leads to satisfaction, which in turn leads to “Serenity”.
“Serenity” comes naturally from the other Awareness’s and true serenity cannot be created.  It just happens when we realize the “uncreated”. “ …To realize the uncreated is to realize that which has no beginning or end”.  Realizing the uncreated takes “meticulous effort” which is another of the eight awareness’s.

“Meticulous Effort” sometimes translated correctly as “diligence”.   This “Meticulous Effort” relates to the “right Effort” of the Eightfold Path. 

“Correct Remembrance”  also called “right mindfulness” also relates to the Eightfold Path.  It refers to ‘remembering’ where we are,  what we are doing, and who we are with.  In other words, being in the moment and being aware of where you are.

“Samadhi” which is translated as “concentration” develops from mindfulness.  It is a special type of concentration that comes in a state of deep meditation.  As Samadhi comes from mindfulness, “wisdom” develops from Samadhi. 

“Wisdom” is a particular kind of wisdom that is experienced rather than simply conceptualized.  It is the insight that casts away ignorance of the self.  This point is often thought of as “enlightened” but to reach Nirvana one must incorporate another of the Eightfold Path.  It is “Avoiding idle talk”.  Since Karma is not confined to mind and body but speech as well. 

In reaching enlightenment, some say you have reached Nirvana, but according to The Buddha, most must die to reach Nirvana.  The fact that he reached Nirvana while sitting under a Bodhi tree, served to show all who heard of his story, that he was a very spiritual man whose words  should be heeded.



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